As one of the core equipment in modern spinning industry, the rotary spinning machine has become the "main force" of textile enterprises due to its advantages of short process and adaptability to various raw materials. The operation and yarn quality of a rotary spinning machine cannot be achieved without the synergistic effect of various key components. The performance of accessories directly affects production efficiency and yarn quality at every stage from feeding to winding. The following are common accessories and their core functions for rotary spinning machines:
1、 Feeding system: the "level" of evenly feeding cotton
The core task of the feeding system is to evenly transport the cotton strip (or synthetic fiber strip) to the combing process, and the key accessories include:
Cotton feeding roller: composed of metal roller and rubber coating layer, it controls the feeding speed and pressure of cotton strips by cooperating with the cotton feeding plate. The groove design on its surface can increase friction, prevent the cotton strip from slipping, and ensure consistency in feeding amount.
Cotton feeding board: forms a clamping area with the cotton feeding roller, guiding the cotton strips into the combing mechanism. The angle and gap of the board need to be adjusted. If it is too large, it may cause uneven feeding, while if it is too small, it may damage the fibers.
Providing cotton loops: Some models use loops instead of cotton feeding boards, which are better adapted to different thicknesses of cotton strips through elastic wrapping layers, reducing fiber damage.
The coordination of these accessories directly determines the fiber uniformity in the subsequent combing process and is the foundation of yarn quality.
2、 Sorting system: the "core battlefield" of fiber combing
The combing system is the soul of rotary spinning, responsible for breaking down cotton strips into individual fibers and removing impurities. Key accessories include:
Combing roller (combing roller): usually made of stainless steel or aluminum alloy, coated with metal wire cloth on the surface. Its high-speed rotation (thousands to tens of thousands of revolutions per minute) loosens and combs the cotton strips into single fibers. The tooth shape, density, and sharpness of the needle cloth directly affect the combing effect - high tooth density can easily damage the fibers, while low tooth density can result in insufficient combing.
Sorting needle cloth: divided into metal needle cloth and elastic needle cloth. Metal needle cloth has high combing efficiency and is suitable for high-speed models; Elastic needle cloth is more suitable for handling fragile fibers such as wool. Regular cleaning and replacement of needle cloth are key to maintaining the quality of combing.
Dust removal knife and cotton guide board: The dust removal knife is installed under the combing roller, and impurities and short fibers are separated by adjusting the angle; The cotton guide board guides the combed fibers to flow towards the rotor, avoiding fiber scattering or blockage.
The performance of combing system accessories directly affects the cleanliness and single fiber state of fibers, and is the key to reducing yarn fuzz and improving strength.
3、 Condensed twisting system: the 'magic' of yarn formation
The coagulation and twisting system recondenses the combed single fibers into yarn and twists them. The core components include:
Spinning cup: The iconic accessory of spinning cup, usually made of ceramic or metal material. Ceramic rotor is heat-resistant and suitable for high-speed spinning (up to 100000 revolutions per minute or more); The cost of metal cups is relatively low. A coagulation groove (U-shaped, V-shaped, or curved) is set inside the rotor, where fibers aggregate into strands. The shape of the groove affects the transfer efficiency and yarn strength of the fibers.
Anti twist head (false twist device): installed at the top of the yarn guide tube, it generates false twist through friction with the yarn, reducing the transmission of twist to the inside of the rotor. Commonly used ceramic or polyurethane materials require regular inspection for wear and tear.
Yarn guide tube: guides fibers from the combing roller into the rotor, and its positional accuracy directly affects the coagulation effect of fibers - deviation can cause uneven strands, which in turn affects the quality of the resulting yarn.
Sorting device: including a sorting pipe and a fan, which discharges impurities and short fibers separated during the sorting process outside the machine, keeps the inside of the rotor clean, and avoids impurities from mixing into the yarn.
The components of the cohesive twisting system determine the twist, strength, and evenness of the yarn, which is the core technology of rotary spinning.
Conclusion
The accessories of the rotary spinning machine are like the "organs" of the machine, and each component is interrelated and indispensable. Reasonable selection of accessories (such as ceramic rotor, metal needle cloth) and regular maintenance (cleaning needle cloth, replacing worn parts) are key to improving the production efficiency and yarn quality of rotor spinning. With the development of textile technology, new types of accessories continue to emerge, which will further promote the development of rotor spinning towards higher speed and higher quality.
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